An Active Member of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club
 .W.
Edwin Sowter's thirst for the past seems to have been very intricately
woven into the activities of and his participation in the Ottawa
Field
Naturalists' Club. The principal areas of interest of this
club,
which was closely related to the Ottawa Literary and Scientific
Society,
itself heir of the Ottawa Natural History Society and the Bytown
Mechanics Institute and Athenaeum, centered primarily around
geology
and botany. In fact, some of its most active members were highly
respected scholars in these same fields and many were employees of the
Geological Survey of Canada. One prominent member was Henri-Marc
Ami, a well-respected geologist only two years older than Sowter who
would
go on to conduct archaeological research on the Palaeolithic and
Neolithic
of southern France. T.W. Edwin Sowter's application for
membership
in the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club
was accepted March 30, 1881.
That
the young Sowter became involved in the Club's activities is
clear.
In March of 1886, he was appointed one of the leaders of the Geology
branch.
These leaders would help organize the geological content of the field
outtings
and interpret various features during these excursions:"The duties of
these leaders consist not only in taking charge of working parties at
the
excursions and sub-excursions held during the season, and in preparing
the reports of the several branches, but also in assisting any person
who
desires to take up work in any branch" (Library and Archives
Canada,
R5475-0-0-E
). In 1899, Sowter, along with H.B. Small and J. Ballantyne was
appointed
leader of the Archaeology branch upon its initial creation, although it
is important to point out that this was not the first time that the
club
had taken an interest in archaeological matters. In fact, in
1883,
during an excursion to Casselman, an archaeological site there was the
focus of the group's attention (a short note published on June 23, 1883
in The Citizen describes this event) and warranted a small
exhibit of
artefacts
found on that occasion at the monthly meeting of January 17, 1884 where
“Specimens of Indian pottery found at Casselman were exhibited in
connection
with the report. The night being very stormy the attendance was
smaller
than it would otherwise have been, but about 30-40 persons were
present”.
In addition to field excursions, the Club also held public
meetings
where scholarly talks were given. Sowter, evidently following
some
time of data accumulation, was a frequent lecturer to the Club. Here
are
some of his titles:
February 21, 1899 “The Archaeology of Lake
Deschenes”
March 6, 1900 “Traditional History of some of the Indian inhabitants
of the vicinity of Lake Des Chênes”
February 26, 1901 “Prehistoric Camping Grounds along the Ottawa River"
Regarding this last lecture, a notice which appeared in the Ottawa
Citizen the next day indicated that:
"Mr. Sowter pointed out that sufficient evidence had
been advanced
to prove beyond a doubt that the Deschenes Lake vicinity had at one
time
been an Indian camping ground. Indian relicts in the form of
flint
arrowheads, stone tomahawks and various instruments and articles of
pottery
had been found in this locality. Similar evidences of the
presence
of the redman had been found at Tetreauville and at other points above
Aylmer. This paper brought forth considerable comment and was the
subject of some discussion."
From the titles of his lectures, it is clear that Edwin Sowter used
these
lectures as a basis for refining his thoughts on archaeological matters
and to further refine them into articles (follow this link
to view Sowter's archaeological publications). In fact, two of
the
titles listed above are the very same as extensive articles published
by
Sowter either the same year or the next. One could presume that
discussions
held following his lectures as well as feedback received from the
eminent
scholars who were in attendance, would be carefully folded into his
manuscripts
and published with the knowledge that he had withstood the careful
scrutiny
of leading scientists. In at least one instance, he sought advice
outside the region, writing to David Boyle at the Provincial Museum in
Toronto (read
this 1908 letter).
Finally,
the greatest moment of Sowter's time with the Club must have been the
General
Excursion No.2 of 1899 which took place at Queen’s Park, Aylmer.
Here, Sowter would be able to show his colleagues, associates and
friends,
the riches that he had discovered on the shores of the Ottawa within
his
own home town. Two photographs, both taken by H.-M. Ami, have
survived
from that St.Jean-Baptiste Day (June 24th) in 1899. In the first,
we see T.W. Edwin Sowter crouched down at the back of the active beach
of the Ottawa River somewhere in Aylmer examining the sedimentary
bedrock
exposed by the wave action of Lake Deschènes. Was it here
that he had found some of the many artifacts which he described in
first
archaeological publication Notes on the Antiquities of Lake
Deschênes in
1895:
"Narcisse Noël of Aylmer, in company with the
writer,
also found some imperfect arrow-heads at this place, which appear to
have
been rejected by the ancient workmen. For about 100 yards along
the
shore, between high and low water mark, the rocks are littered with
chips
and shreds of black flint, which are also washed out of the gravel at
high
water mark after heavy rains."
The
second photo, again by Ami, shows a young man holding a large object
which
could be just about anything, including a human skull. He is
standing
just below the top edge of the steep eroding slope in front of a
lighthouse
on Lighthouse Island. It was from here that H.-M. Ami, on the day
of the Ottawa Field Naturalists' Club
excursion (at least that is the
date on a
browned piece of paper which accompanies skeletal fragments in the
Lighthouse
Island collections of the Canadian Museum of Civilization), collected
human
remains, many of them coated with read ochre. That this island
was
a burial ground of some antiquity had also been noted by Sowter in his
1895 article and repeated in later publications with much greater
detail
(see Algonkin and Huron Occupation of the Ottawa Valley, 1909
for
example):
"Some years ago a quantity of human bones was found
buried
in the sand on the Lighthouse Island just above Aylmer, which the late
Dr. C. M. Church, to whom they were presented, regarded as typical of
the
North American Indian."
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The Canadian Museum of Civilization
holds human remains
which were reportedly found at Aylmer Island, also known as Lighthouse
Island. Two very old hand written labels provide the basic
provenance
information for the collections and one bears the date of the O.F.N.C.
General Excursion No.2 held June 24, 1899. |
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